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Marion Stevenson : ウィキペディア英語版
Marion Stevenson

Marion Scott Stevenson (19 May 1871 – 1930) was a Scottish missionary with the Church of Scotland Mission in British East Africa (Kenya) from 1907 until 1929.〔For day and month of birth, ("Marion Scott Stevenson" ), familysearch.org.


For 1907–1929, Brian G. McIntosh, (''The Scottish Mission in Kenya, 1891–1923'' ), PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, June 1969, p. 208, n. 29.〕
Stevenson worked at first for the church's Kikuyu mission at Thogoto, then from 1912 for its mission at Tumutumu in Karatina, set up by Rev. Henry Scott and Dr. John Arthur in 1908.〔For 1912, McIntosh 1969], p. 241, n. 120.〕〔 She established and ran a girls' school, which became Tumutumu Girls' High School, taught sewing, knitting and hygiene, worked in the hospital, trained teachers and helped to translate the Bible.〔("Letter from Marion S Stevenson" ), University of St Andrews archives.


For Thogoto, Johnson Kiriaku Kinyua, ''The Agikuyu, the Bible and Colonial Constructs: Towards an Ordinary African Readers' Hermeneutics'', University of Birmingham (PhD thesis), p. (10 ).〕〔Robert Benedetto, Donald K. McKim, ''Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches'', Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 2009, p. (464 ).〕
According to theologian James Karanja, citing a Church of Scotland memorandum, in 1929 Stevenson coined the term "sexual mutilation of women" to describe female circumcision, a practice of great importance to the Kikuyu people, Kenya's largest tribe. The Kenya Missionary Council followed suit, and began referring to it that year as sexual mutilation, rather than as circumcision or initiation. It is now widely known as female genital mutilation.〔James Karanja, ''The Missionary Movement in Colonial Kenya: The Foundation of Africa Inland Church'', Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 2009, p. (93 ), n. 631.


For background on the Scottish missionaries and FGM in Kenya, Kenneth Mufuka, ("Scottish Missionaries and the Circumcision Controversy in Kenya, 1900–1960 )", ''International Review of Scottish Studies'', 28, 2003, p. 55.〕
==Early life==
Stevenson was born in Forfar, Scotland, to Agnes Barron and her husband, Robert Stevenson.〔("Marion Scott Stevenson" ), familysearch.org.〕 Her older brother, William Barron Stevenson, became Professor of Hebrew and Semitic Languages at the University of Glasgow.〔(McIntosh 1969 ), pp. 201, 303, n. 90; ("Material relating to William Barron Stevenson" ), University of Glasgow.〕
She attended John Watson's Institution and the Ministers' Daughters College in Edinburgh. Unable to study at the University of Edinburgh because she was a woman (they first admitted women in 1893), she went to lectures organized by the Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women, then studied music and languages in Germany.〔(McIntosh 1969 ), p. 245, n. 127.〕

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